Before prayer body must be cleaned from minor and major ritual impurities. Body must be covered, for men from navel to knees and for women the whole body except face, hands and feet. Direction must be towards the Qibla (i.e. Ka’aba) and intention must be present at the beginning of prayer.
1. Express intention to perform Salaat (niyyat):
For example if you want to perform fajr prayer then say I intend to offer two obligatory (i.e. Fard) rakats of the Fajr prayer, and face the Qibla for the sake of Allah and Allah alone.
2. Stand with respect and attention keeping the distance of four fingers in between both feet. Then raise your both hands to ears, palms forward, thumbs behind earlobes and say
Allahu Akbar
Translation. Allah is the greatest.
3. Place right hand over left, below navel in a manner that thumb and small finger of right hand make a ring over left wrist and remaining three fingers of right hand be placed straight over left wrist. Look at the ground in place of sajdah and recite Opening Supplication which is called Thana.
Subhaana kalla humma wa bihamdika
wa tabaara kasmuka wa ta’aalaa jadduka
wa laa ilaaha ghairuk
Translation: Glory to You, O Allah, and
Yours is the praise.
And blessed is Your Name, and exalted is Your Majesty.
And there is no deity to be worshipped but You
4. Then say:
A’uudhu billaahi minash shaitaa nir-Rajeem
Translation: I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed.
5. Recite Bismillah shareef
Bismillaa hir-Rahma nir-Raheem
Translation: In the name of Allah, the most gracious, the merciful.
6. Now recite the first Surah of the Holy Qur’an called Fatiha..
(1) الْحَمْدُ للّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
(2) الرَّحْمـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(3) مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ
(4) إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ
(5)اهدِنَـا الصِّرَاطَ المُستَقِيمَ
(6) صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ
(7)غَيرِالمَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَالضَّالِّينَ
Al hamdu lillaahi rabbil ‘alameen
Ar-Rahman ar-Raheem
Maaliki yaumid Deen
Iyyaaka na’abudu wa iy yaaka nasta’een
Ihdinas siraatal mustaqeem
Siraatal ladheena an ‘amta’ alaihim
Ghairil maghduubi’ alaihim waladaaleen
Translation: Praise be to God, Lord of all the worlds.
The Compassionate, the Merciful.
Ruler on the Day of Reckoning.
You alone do we worship, and You alone do we ask for help.
Guide us on the straight path,
the path of those who have received your grace;
not the path of those who have brought down wrath, nor of those who wander astray.
7. After the completion of Sura Fahiha say in a low voice ٓامین “Ameen.”
8. Then recite a Sura (chapter) or three verses or a single verse equal to three verses for example Sura Al Maun.
(1) أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يُكَذِّبُ بِالدِّينِ
(2) فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَدُعُّ الْيَتِيمَ
(3) وَلَا يَحُضُّ عَلَى طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ
(4) فَوَيْلٌ لِّلْمُصَلِّينَ
(5)الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَن صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ
(6) الَّذِينَ هُمْ يُرَاؤُونَ
(7) وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ
1. Ara aitalladhi yokadh dhibu bid deen.
2. Fadhali kalladhi yadu ulyateem.
3. Wala yahuddu ala ta’amil miskeen.
4. Fa wail lulmusalleen.
5. Alladheen hum an salatihim sahoon.
6. Alladheen hum yura’oon.
7. Wa yam na’koonal m’oon.
Translation.
1. Have you considered him who calls the judgment a lie?
2. That is the one who treats the orphan with harshness,
3. And does not urge (others) to feed the poor.
4. So woe to the praying ones,
5. Who are unmindful of their prayers,
6. Who do (good) to be seen,
7. And withhold the necessaries of life. And withhold the necessaries of life.
9. Now bend yourself from waist for Ruku saying
“Allahu Akbar”
Translation: God is the greatst.
And grip your knees with your hands in a condition that your palms be upon your knees and fingers be spread. Back and head be in a line and parallel to the ground.
10. Then say at least three times 
Subhana rabbiyal Azeem
Translation: Holy is my Lord, the Magnificent.
11. Now rise from bending to standing for Qauma, arms at sides saying 
Sami’ allaahu liman hamidah
Translation: Allah listens to him who praises Him.
10. Then say in standing position. 
Rabbanaa lakal hamd
Translation: Our Lord, to You is due all praise.
12.Then prostrate i.e. sajdah, saying Allahu Akbar in a way that first of all place your knees on the earth then both of hands then place your head in between both of the hands, in a manner that your forehead and bone of nose must touch the earth firmly. Arms should be away from sides and thighs should be away from the abdomen and bend toes so tops of the feet should face the Qibla. Then say at least three times 
Subhaana rabbiyal ‘Alaa
Translation: Glory to my Lord, the Most High
13. Then sit for jalsa i.e. sitting posture in between two prostrations, saying Allahu Akbar in a manner that raise your head then your hands. Place palms of hands spreading on thighs near knees and finger of both hands should be towards the Qibla. Turn up your right foot bending toes towards the Qibla. And place left foot spread on earth and sit on it straight. 14. Then prostrate saying Allahu Akbar as you did previously and say thrice 
Subhaana rabbiyal ‘Alaa
15. Then stand up saying Allahu Akbar for second rakaat in a manner that first raise your head then put your hands on your knees and stand up depending on toes. Now recite only
Bismilla hir rahmaa nir raheem
Then recite Sura Fatiha
(1) الْحَمْدُ للّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
(2) الرَّحْمـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(3) مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ
(4) إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ
(5)اهدِنَـا الصِّرَاطَ المُستَقِيمَ
(6) صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ
(7)غَيرِالمَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَالضَّالِّينَ
Al hamdu lillaahi rabbil ‘alameen
Ar-Rahman ar-Raheem
Maaliki yaumid Deen
Iyyaaka na’abudu wa iy yaaka nasta’een
Ihdinas siraatal mustaqeem
Siraatal ladheena an ‘amta’ alaihim
Ghairil maghduubi’ alaihim waladaaleen
Translation: Praise be to God, Lord of all the worlds.
The Compassionate, the Merciful.
Ruler on the Day of Reckoning.
You alone do we worship, and You alone do we ask for help.
Guide us on the straight path,
the path of those who have received your grace;
not the path of those who have brought down wrath, nor of those who
wander astray.
16. At the end of sura Fatiha say in a low voice آمين “Aameen.”
17. Now recite a Sura (chapter) or three verses or a single verse equal to three verses for example Sura Al kawthar
(1) إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ
(2) فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ
(3) إِنَّ شَانِئَكَ هُوَ الْأَبْتَرُ
Innā Aţaynā kal-Kawthar
Faşalli Lirabbika Wanĥar
Inna Shāniaka Huwal Abtaru
Translation:
1. Surely We have given you Kawsar,
2. Therefore pray to your Lord and make a sacrifice.
3. Surely your enemy is the one who shall be without posterity,
18. Now bend yourself from waist for Ruku saying “Allahu Akbar”
Translation: God is the greatest.
And grip your knees with your hands in a condition that your palms be upon your knees and fingers be spread around theknee bone. Your back and head be in a line and parallel to the ground.
19. Then say at least three times 
Subhana rabbiyal Azeem
Translation: Holy is my Lord, the Magnificent.
20. Then rise from bending to standing for Qauma, arms at sides saying 
Sami’ allaahu liman hamidah
Translation: Allah listens to him who praises Him.
21. Then say in standing position. 
Rabbanaa lakal hamd
Our Lord, to You is due all praise.
22. Then prostrate saying Allahu Akbar in a way that first of all place your knees on the earth then both of hands then place your head in between both of the hands, in a manner that your forehead and bone of nose must touch the earth firmly. Arms should be away from sides and
thighs should be away from the abdomen and bend toes so tops of feet face the Qibla. Then say at least three times Subhaana rabbiyal Aalaa
Translation: Glory to my Lord, the Most High
23. Then sit for jalsa saying
in a manner that raise your head then your hands then turn up your right foot bending toes towards the Qibla. And place left foot spread on earth and sit on it straight. Place palms of hands spreading on thighs near knees and finger of both hands should be towards the Qibla.
24. Then prostrate sayingAllahu Akbar as you did previously and say thrice Subhaana rabbiyal ‘Alaa
25. Then sit for Qa’ada saying Allah Akbar as you sat for jalsa. And recite At-Tahiyyaat
At Tahiyyaatu lillaahi was Salawaatu wat tayyibaatu
As Salaamu alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmatul laahi wa barakaatuh
As Salaamu alainaa wa ‘alaa ‘ebaadillaahis saaliheen,
Ash hadu allaa ilaaha illallaah
Wa ash hadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhuu wa rasuuluh
Translation: All greetings, blessings and good acts are from You, my Lord.
Greetings to you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah.
Peace be unto us, and unto the righteous servants of Allah.
I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah.
And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger.
When you recite
“Ash hadu allaa ilaaha illallaah”
and reach at the word لا “LA”, make a circle with the help of thumb and central finger of the right hand and join the small finger and the finger beside it with palm and raise the pointing finger without moving it here and there and put it down at the word الا “ILLA” and then straighten all fingers immediately.
26. And then recite the Salawat (Daroode Ibaraheemi):
Allaahumma salli ‘alaa Muhammadin wa ‘alaa aali Muhammadin
Kamaa sallaita ‘alaa Ibraaheema wa ‘alaa ali Ibraaheema
Innaka hameedum Majeed
Alaahumma baarik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘alaa ali Muhammadin
Kamaa baarakta ‘alaa Ibraaheema wa ‘alaa ali Ibraaheema
Innaka hameedum Majeed
Translation: O Allah, bless our Muhammad and the people of
Muhammad; As you have blessed Abraham and the people of Abraham.
Surely you are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious.
O Allah, be gracious unto Muhammad and the people of Muhammad;
As you were gracious unto Abraham and the people of Abraham.
Surely you are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious.
27. Then supplicate in Arabic language like
اَللّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
Allahumma Rabbana Aatina fid dunya hasna tanw wa fil aakhirati hasanah.
Translation: Our Lord! Give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and defend us from the torment of the Fire.
28. Then for completing prayer look over your right shoulder turning your head to the same side as well saying 
“As Salaamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatulaah”
and intend with these words to greet the angel recording your good deeds.
29. Then perform the same action to the left side and intend to greet the angel recording your wrongful deeds. It is the end of your prayer.
30. Now say personal prayers with hands cupped and palms up at chest level. When you finish your supplications then wipe face with palms. This is a practical method of performing two rakaats.
Three Raka’ats
If you want to perform three raka’ats like maghrib prayer then after reciting at At-Tashahhud at second raka’at stand up saying
Allahu Akbar for third raka’at. Then recite only Bismillah shareef and Fatiha and bow down for ruku then stand up for Quama then prostrate two times as you did previously then sit for Qa’ada and complete the prayer as you completed two raka’ats.
Four Raka’ats
If you want to perform four raka’at for example four obligatory (Fard) raka’ats of Asr then after performing two raka’ats up till At-Tashahhud, stand up for third raka’at and complete it and you will not attach an other sura with fatiha. Then complete the fourth raka’at like third raka’at without attaching an other sura with fatiha and then sit for Qa’ada. Complete it performing the same actions which you performed in the last of two raka’ats.
Attention:
If you want to perform four raka’ats sunnah, you will have to attach with Fatiha, a sura or any three verses or a single verse equal to three verses, in the every raka’at.
Difference between the prayer of men and women
Allaamah Muhammad Amin Ibn Abidin as-Shami rahimahullah writes:
“A woman should not raise her hands till her shoulders while saying Allahu Akbar in first raka’at. She should not take her hands out of her clothes. She should place one palm over the other on her breast . She should bend only slightly in ruku’. She will not spread her fingers out in ruku’ but rather keep them close together and place her palms on her knees without clasping them. She should bend her knees slightly. She should contract herself in ruku’ and sajdah. She should place her arms flat on the ground. She should sit with her legs out and resting on her posterior in tashahhud. In tashahud she should keep her fingers close together………………. In the loud prayers she will not raise her voice.”
Written By Mufti AbuBaker Siddiq Ash-Shazli Sahab
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